The year is 1868 and the notorious Jesse James Gang pulled off a daring heist, robbing a bank in Russellville, Kentucky, of $14,000. This was a hefty sum for the time. Led by the infamous outlaw Jesse James, the gang stormed the Southern Bank, making off with cash and leaving a trail of chaos. This robbery cemented their reputation as one of the Wild West’s most feared crews.

---

In 1897, hoops history was made as Yale and Penn faced off in the first intercollegiate basketball game with five players per team. Yale dominated, winning 32-10. The game’s evolved a bit since then!

---

In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated William O. Douglas to the U.S. Supreme Court. Douglas, a prominent legal scholar and SEC chairman, would go on to serve as an associate justice for over 36 years, leaving a lasting impact on American jurisprudence with his staunch defense of civil liberties and environmental protections.

---

In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson took a stand for justice, ordering 4,000 troops to safeguard the Selma-Montgomery civil rights marchers. This pivotal moment showcased the federal government’s commitment to protecting those fighting for equality as brave activists marched against racial injustice in Alabama.

---

In 1982, U.S. scientists returned from Antarctica with a groundbreaking discovery: the first land mammal fossils ever found on the continent. Led by Dr. William J. Zinsmeister of Ohio State University, the team unearthed bones of a small, rat-sized marsupial on Seymour Island. This find provided crucial evidence supporting the theory that marsupials migrated from South America to Australia via Antarctica millions of years ago when the continents were still connected. A historic moment in paleontology, it reshaped our understanding of ancient life and continental drift.

---

In 1999, history was made as Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones became the first men to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon. Their incredible non-stop journey began on March 3rd, spanning an impressive 26,500 miles before touching down, proving the impossible was possible with courage and a bit of hot air!

The year is 1822 and Boston officially becomes a city, marking a key moment in its history. Previously a town since its founding in 1630, Boston’s incorporation reflected its growing population and importance as a hub of trade, culture and politics in the young United States. Today, we celebrate nearly two centuries of Boston’s vibrant cityhood!

---

In 1918, the U.S. Congress took a bold step into the future (or at least into longer evenings) by authorizing Daylight Saving Time. Signed into law as part of the Standard Time Act, this measure aimed to save energy and make better use of daylight during World War I. Clocks sprang forward, and Americans adjusted, proving time is indeed a flexible thing when lawmakers get involved.

---

In 1931, Nevada made history by legalizing gambling, a bold move during the Great Depression. Signed into law by Governor Fred Balzar, the decision aimed to boost the state’s economy. It worked and Nevada soon became synonymous with casinos, paving the way for Las Vegas to rise as the gambling capital of the world.

---

In 1963, a historic moment unfolded in Costa Rica as President John F. Kennedy joined six Latin American presidents in a powerful pledge to combat Communism. This united front showcased a shared commitment to democracy and freedom in the region during a tense era of Cold War politics.

---

In 1981, tragedy struck during a routine test on the Space Shuttle Columbia. A technician lost their life and two others were injured in an incident that underscored the risks of space exploration. The accident occurred as the shuttle was being prepared for its inaugural flight, a somber reminder of the dedication and sacrifice behind humanity’s reach for the stars.

The year is 1881. History was made today as Barnum and Bailey’s Greatest Show on Earth opened its dazzling spectacle at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The iconic circus, a brainchild of P.T. Barnum and James A. Bailey, brought jaw dropping acts, exotic animals and larger than life entertainment to thrilled audiences, cementing its legacy as a cultural phenomenon that would captivate generations.

---

In 1911, Theodore Roosevelt dedicated the Roosevelt Dam in Phoenix, Arizona. It would be the largest dam in the U.S. at the time. A marvel of engineering, it tamed the Salt River, boosting irrigation and power for the region. Roosevelt’s vision for progress was literally set in stone.

---

In 1942, the United States took a significant step in its World War II efforts as the third military draft began. This move expanded the nation’s armed forces, calling more young men to serve and defend the country against the escalating global conflict.

---

In 1953, baseball history shifted as the Braves announced their move from Boston to Milwaukee. After 77 years in Beantown, the team sought greener pastures (and a new fanbase) in Wisconsin. The relocation marked the first MLB franchise shift in 50 years, ushering in a new era for the Braves and the city of Milwaukee.

---

In 1970, the U.S. Postal Service ground to a halt as workers launched the first postal strike in the nation’s history. Fed up with low wages and poor working conditions, over 200,000 postal employees walked off the job, disrupting mail delivery across the country. The wildcat strike, illegal under federal law, forced President Nixon to declare a state of emergency and deploy the National Guard to sort mail. After two weeks of chaos the strike ended with a negotiated pay raise that sets the stage for the modern postal system.

---

In 1986, Buckingham Palace announced the engagement of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, to Sarah Ferguson. The joyful news marked a significant moment for the British royal family with the couple’s wedding set to take place later that year on July 23rd. Their union would go on to capture public attention, though their marriage eventually ended in divorce in 1996. Still, that spring day in ’86 was one of celebration and royal romance!

The year is 1833 and history was made when Susan Hayhurst became the first woman to graduate from a pharmacy college in the United States. Enrolling at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, she broke barriers in a male dominated field, paving the way for future generations of women in pharmacy. A true trailblazer!

---

In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s masterpiece The Scarlet Letter was published. This iconic novel, set in Puritan New England, explores themes of sin, guilt and redemption through the story of Hester Prynne forever marked by the scarlet “A.”

---

In 1913, the mighty 15,000-ton battleship Pennsylvania was launched at Newport News, Virginia. A marvel of naval engineering, she marked a new era of American sea power, ready to defend the nation’s interests with her formidable presence.

---

In 1945, U.S. forces declared Iwo Jima secure after weeks of intense fighting in one of WWII’s bloodiest battles. Though small pockets of Japanese resistance lingered, this marked a critical victory, giving the Allies a strategic airfield just 660 miles from Tokyo. Over 6,800 Americans and 20,000+ Japanese lost their lives in the campaign.

---

In 1954, CBS took a bold step to challenge NBC’s Today Show by launching The Morning Show, hosted by the legendary Walter Cronkite. Aiming to capture the morning audience, Cronkite brought his signature gravitas to the program, setting the stage for a new era of broadcast competition. Though it didn’t outlast Today, it marked a pivotal moment in TV history.

---

In 1985, Terry Anderson, an Associated Press newsman, was abducted by Hezbollah militants in Beirut, Lebanon. While leaving his apartment, Anderson was forced into a car at gunpoint, beginning a nearly seven-year ordeal as a hostage. His captivity, lasting until December 4, 1991, became one of the longest and most publicized cases during the Lebanon hostage crisis that highlighted the dangers journalists faced in the region.

The year is 1916 and General John Pershing led 15,000 U.S. troops across the border into Mexico to pursue revolutionary leader Pancho Villa. This punitive expedition came after Villa’s raid on Columbus, New Mexico, escalating tensions. Pershing’s forces chased Villa deep into Mexican territory, but the elusive bandit evaded capture, testing U.S. military resolve and straining relations with Mexico.

---

In 1934, Henry Ford made waves by restoring the $5 a day wage for his workers, a move that echoed his groundbreaking 1914 decision. Amid the Great Depression, this bold step boosted morale and reaffirmed Ford’s belief in fair pay that helped stabilize his workforce and the broader economy. History remembers it as a testament to his unconventional approach to industry and labor.

---

In 1955, the U.S. Air Force unveiled a game changer: the first self-guided missile. This technological leap marked a new era in military precision and power, showcasing American innovation at its finest. The future of warfare had arrived.

---

In 1968, the U.S. Mint ceased its practice of buying and selling gold which marked a pivotal shift in monetary policy. This decision, driven by economic pressures and the unraveling Bretton Woods system, signaled the beginning of the end for the gold standard in the U.S., fully abandoned by 1971. A historic moment in American finance!

---

In 1991, four Los Angeles police officers were charged in the brutal beating of Rodney King, a Black motorist, captured on video two weeks earlier. The incident sparked outrage, exposing police brutality and racial tensions, and set the stage for a landmark trial that would ignite the 1992 LA riots after the officers’ acquittal.

The year is 1903 and the U.S. Senate just ratified the Hay-Herrán Treaty, a pivotal moment in history. This agreement with Colombia granted the United States rights to construct and manage a canal across Panama, paving the way for the Panama Canal. This turns out to be a marvel of engineering that would transform global trade.

---

In 1923, President Warren G. Harding made history by becoming the first U.S. President to file an income tax report. This milestone came a decade after the 16th Amendment legalized income tax in 1913. Harding’s action set a precedent for transparency in presidential finances, reflecting the evolving expectations of public office in America.

---

In 1951, U.N. forces, led primarily by U.S. and South Korean troops, recaptured Seoul for the second time during the Korean War. This followed intense fighting as part of Operation Ripper, aimed at pushing North Korean and Chinese communist forces back north. The city, South Korea’s capital, had changed hands multiple times since the war began in 1950, reflecting the conflict’s brutal back-and-forth. The recapture marked a key moment in the U.N.’s efforts to stabilize the front line near the 38th parallel.

---

In 1967, President John F. Kennedy’s body was moved from a temporary grave to a permanent memorial at Arlington National Cemetery. The solemn event, attended by family and dignitaries, marked the completion of a lasting tribute to the fallen leader, whose assassination in 1963 shocked the nation. The eternal flame, lit by Jacqueline Kennedy, continues to burn at the site which symbolizes his enduring legacy.

---

In 1991, a grave injustice was finally righted. The “Birmingham Six” (six Irishmen wrongly convicted for the 1974 IRA pub bombings) walked free after 16 years behind bars. A court ruled the police had fabricated evidence, overturning their sentences. A stark reminder of the fallibility of justice systems and the human cost of error.

The year is 1793 and Eli Whitney submits his patent for the cotton gin, a revolutionary invention that would transform the American South. Finalized in 1794, this simple machine efficiently separated cotton fibers from seeds, boosting production and profitability. While it fueled economic growth, it also deepened the reliance on enslaved labor, shaping the course of U.S. history.

---

In 1918, a notable shift was brewing for the upcoming St. Patrick’s Day Parade in New York City. With World War I draining manpower, a shortage of men left organizers in a bind. In response, women were scheduled to step up and march in the parade, marking a historic moment. This adaptation not only kept the tradition alive but also highlighted women’s growing presence in public life during a time of crisis. A small but significant step, it reflected the resilience and spirit of the Irish American community amidst wartime challenges.

---

In 1957, the FBI arrested Jimmy Hoffa, the powerful Teamsters Union leader, on bribery charges. Hoffa was accused of attempting to bribe a lawyer to influence a federal investigation. This arrest marked a significant moment in Hoffa’s contentious career, which was riddled with legal battles and allegations of corruption.

---

In 1974, the U.S. Senate voted 54-33 to restore the death penalty, marking a pivotal moment in American criminal justice history. This decision came after the Supreme Court’s 1972 ruling in Furman v. Georgia, which had effectively suspended capital punishment nationwide. The Senate’s vote reflected a growing push to reinstate the penalty, culminating in its formal return with Gregg v. Georgia in 1976.

---

In 1991, Exxon agreed to pay $1 billion in fines and cleanup costs for the devastating Alaskan oil spill. The Exxon Valdez disaster, which occurred two years prior, dumped 11 million gallons of crude oil into Prince William Sound, marking one of the worst environmental catastrophes in U.S. history.

The year is 1848 and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo has just been signed, officially ending the Mexican-American War. This pivotal agreement reshaped North America, with Mexico ceding vast territories to the U.S., including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. A defining moment in history!

---

In 1876, history was made when Alexander Graham Bell placed the first telephone call to his assistant, Thomas Watson. With the now iconic words, “Watson, come here. I need you,” Bell’s invention sprang to life, forever changing how we connect. From that shaky start, the telephone sparked a communication revolution.

---

In 1924, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a New York state law prohibiting women from working late night shifts. The decision, rooted in the era’s protective labor laws, reflected views on women’s roles. The same views now seen as outdated. It marked a step in the complex journey toward workplace equality.

---

In 1933, Nevada broke ground as the first U.S. state to regulate drugs, passing laws to control narcotics like opium and cocaine. This pioneering move set a precedent for state level drug oversight, shaping America’s evolving approach to substance regulation.

---

In 1969, James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to assassinating Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., receiving a 99 year prison sentence. The plea closed a chapter on a national tragedy, though questions about the case linger to this day.